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Pingyin
In Chinese, unlike in English where the words are built by just 26 letters, each word is built by characters that have a certain set of strokes. There are thousands of these different characters, and to help the learner (native or not) to pronouce the words correctly, we use a pinyin system.
A pingyin contains an initial and a final -- 23 initials and 26 finals in total. As you will notice, the initials are constants and finals vowels. Also, the pinyins are written on a 4-line grid, each letter occupies certain room. LISTEN
Essentials of Pronunciation
a口大开，舌位低平，不圆唇。
a The mouth is wide open. The tongue is flat and at its lowest position. The lips are not rounded.
o口半开，舌位稍高，圆唇。
o The mouth is half open. The tongue is flat and at its lowest position. The lips are not rounded.
e开口度和舌位与o相同，但不圆唇。可先发o，然后嘴角稍向两边展开。
The opening of the mouth and the position of the tongue are identical with that for "o", but the lips are not rounded. It can be produced by pronouncing "O" and then spreading the lips towards the two sides.
i 口微开，舌位高，偏前，舌尖自然抵住下齿，嘴角向两边展开，双唇呈扁平形。
The opening of the mouth is narrow. The tongue raised and pushed forward towards the position naturally against the lower teeth. the lips spread to the two sides into a flat position.
u 口微开，舌后缩，舌面后部上升接近软腭，双唇紧缩呈圆形，只留一个小孔。
The opening of the mouth is narrow. The tongue is held back with its back raised close to the soft palate. The lips are forced into a harrow and round position with only a small opening left.
ü 舌位与i相同，但双唇尽量收缩呈圆形。
It is pronounced with the tongue in position for i, but the lips are forced into a round position.
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守株待兔 |
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从前宋国有个农民，他的田地中有一颗树桩。一天，一只跑的飞快的兔子撞在了树桩上，扭断了脖子而死。从此，那个农民荒废了他的耕作，天天等在树桩旁，希望能再得到只兔子。当然，兔子是没等到，他自己却成了宋国的笑柄。
(《韩非子》) |
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The vigil by the tree stump |
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In the state of Song there was a farmer in whose fields stood a tree stump. A hare, which was running very fast, dashed against the stump and died, having broken its neck. So the farmer abandoned his plough and waited by the tree stump, hoping to get another hare. He did not get his hare but became a laughing stock in the state of Song.
(《Hanfeizi》) |
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